Aktuelle Publikationen

Auf dieser Seite finden Sie die chronologisch geordneten Veröffentlichungen unserer Wissenschaftler*innen aus den vergangenen Jahren.

Aktuelle Publikationen (Politik- und Verwaltungswissenschaft)

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  • Parität, Transparenz, Familienfreundlichkeit : Wie sich der Gender Pay Gap in Deutschland reduzieren ließe

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    Der Gender Pay Gap lag in Deutschland im Jahr 2023 bei 18 Prozent. Damit blieb der Wert im fünften Jahr in Folge unverändert, obwohl Frauen in derselben Zeit zunehmend gut bezahlte Berufe ausübten. Diese anhaltende Lohnlücke zwischen Männern und Frauen wirft Fragen nach Ursachen und Gegenmaßnahmen auf. In diesem Policy Paper analysieren wir die Gehälter von 1.780.008 Erwerbspersonen, um den Einfluss von arbeitsmarktrelevanten Eigenschaften der Arbeitnehmer:innen, den Merkmalen der anstellenden Unternehmen sowie der politischen Rahmenbedingungen auf den Gender Pay Gap zu verstehen. Auf Basis unserer Erkenntnisse formulieren wir Handlungsempfehlungen für Arbeitnehmer:innen, Unternehmen und die Politik, wie sich der Gender Pay Gap effektiv reduzieren ließe.

  • (2024): How regional attitudes towards immigration shape the chance to obtain asylum : Evidence from Germany Migration Studies. Oxford University Press (OUP). ISSN 2049-5838. eISSN 2049-5846. Available under: doi: 10.1093/migration/mnae002

    How regional attitudes towards immigration shape the chance to obtain asylum : Evidence from Germany

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    Asylum recognition rates in advanced democracies differ not only across states but also vary within them, translating into fluctuating individual chances to obtain protection. Existing studies on the determinants of these regional inequities typically rely on aggregate data. Utilizing a German refugee survey and leveraging a quasi-natural experiment arising from state-based allocation rules tied to national dispersal policies, we test two explanations for the perplexing regional differences. Drawing on principal–agent models of administrative decision-making, we test whether asylum decision-makers consciously or unconsciously comply with regional political preferences between 2015 and 2017 in Germany, one of the major European destination countries for refugee migration. We furthermore explore whether such biased decision-making amplifies in times of organizational stress as suggested by the statistical discrimination theory. Using mixed-effects logistic regressions, our analyses confirm a lower approval probability in regions with more immigration-averse residents or governments. We cannot confirm, however, that this association is mediated by high workloads or large knowledge gaps. Our results thus suggest that regional political biases affect the individual chance of asylum-seekers to obtain protection irrespective of temporal administrative conditions.

  • Charalabidis, Yannis; Medaglia, Rony; van Noordt, Colin (Hrsg.) (2024): Analysis of driving public values of AI initiatives in government in Europe CHARALABIDIS, Yannis, ed., Rony MEDAGLIA, ed., Colin VAN NOORDT, ed.. Research Handbook on Public Management and Artificial Intelligence. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2024, pp. 226-244. ISBN 978-1-80220-733-0. Available under: doi: 10.4337/9781802207347.00024

    Analysis of driving public values of AI initiatives in government in Europe

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    Public administrations in the EU have started to increasingly adopt mainstream implementation of Artificial Intelligence technologies. However, it is still unclear what types of AI applications are used and to what kind of public value they aim to contribute in the public sector. We therefore set out to identify the current landscape of AI use across the EU. In total, we have identified 549 cases and coded each AI application using a public value framework. Findings from the analysis show that while the use of AI has the potential to contribute to professionalism public values, efficiency public values, service public values and engagement public values, public administrations are predominantly implementing AI in pursuit of efficiency-related objectives. The chapter further describes potential risks of public value destruction of the prevalent pursuit of achieving efficiency public values when public administration deploys AI technologies.

  • (2024): ECMI Minorities Blog: Indigenous Inequalities in Egalitarian Societies : The Case of the Sámi People in Norway and Sweden ECMI Minorities Blog. Flensburg: European Centre for Minority Issues (ECMI). Available under: doi: 10.53779/SBPL3716

    ECMI Minorities Blog: Indigenous Inequalities in Egalitarian Societies : The Case of the Sámi People in Norway and Sweden

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    Many Indigenous peoples live in firmly unequal societies and face substantial material disparities towards the ethnic majority populations. Yet, inequalities between ethnic groups are usually multidimensional and go beyond material status. But are they also present when economic inequality is absent? That is, what kind of inequalities do Indigenous peoples face in societies conventionally considered egalitarian? This blog post reports on new research about the situation of the Sámi people in Norway and Sweden. It indeed supports the proposition that the Sámi are on a material par with their non-Indigenous compatriots. Nonetheless, they are more likely to experience discrimination, and these experiences are strongly linked to how proficient Sámi are in their Indigenous languages and how frequently they use them. This shows that the Sámi face inequalities especially in the dimension of cultural status. Finally, the post points out potential further inequalities in the case of the Sámi that research has yet to address.

  • (2024): The distributive politics of the green transition : a conjoint experiment on EU climate change mitigation policy Journal of European Public Policy. Taylor & Francis. ISSN 1350-1763. eISSN 1466-4429. Available under: doi: 10.1080/13501763.2024.2304609

    The distributive politics of the green transition : a conjoint experiment on EU climate change mitigation policy

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    In the fight against climate change, the European Union has developed a new growth strategy to transform Europe into the first climate-neutral continent by 2050. To support EU member states in their transition towards greener economies, climate change mitigation policies are being implemented at the EU-level. However, such policies can be designed in different ways, and gaining citizens’ support is crucial for the political feasibility of the European green transition. Drawing on data from an original conjoint experiment conducted in Germany (N = 5,796), this article investigates how policy design shapes public support for EU climate change mitigation. To this end, the study theoretically and empirically distinguishes four policy dimensions that address the distributive politics of the European green transition: sectoral scope, social spending, financing structure and cross-country distribution. The results confirm that all four policy dimensions significantly impact public support. Specifically, the study reveals that support is greatest for EU policy packages that target financial support at the renewable energy sector, include social investment policies, are financed by increasing taxes on the rich, and distribute resources across EU member states based on population size. Furthermore, citizens’ sensitivity to the policy design varies slightly by income position, left-right ideology and climate attitudes.

  • (2024): Populist government support and frontline workers' self‐efficacy during crisis Governance. Wiley. ISSN 0952-1895. eISSN 1468-0491. Available under: doi: 10.1111/gove.12851

    Populist government support and frontline workers' self‐efficacy during crisis

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    Frontline workers who are confronted with crises need enormous resilience and the ability to deal with stress from crisis‐related increases in demands and risks. Simultaneously, populist governments with an illiberal agenda may undermine the work of street‐level bureaucracies for political reasons. Little is known about how deconstruction of the administrative state by populist government—through lacking government support when it is needed the most—affects frontline work. Thus, this article asks: how does lacking support by a populist government affect frontline workers' self‐efficacy when they face a crisis? Based on unique data from an online survey of 3229 Brazilian frontline workers during the early COVID‐19 pandemic, when the Bolsonaro government denied the existence of the pandemic, we test the relationship between government support, demands, and resources on frontline workers' perceived self‐efficacy. Results show that lacking government support from the federal and local government are negatively associated with frontline workers' self‐efficacy. At the same time, resources and managerial support exhibit positive associations—but they cannot always compensate for a lack of government assistance.

  • (2024): How sudden- versus slow-onset environmental events affect self-identification as an environmental migrant : Evidence from Vietnamese and Kenyan survey data PLOS ONE. Public Library of Science (PLoS). 2024, 19(1), e0297079. eISSN 1932-6203. Available under: doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297079

    How sudden- versus slow-onset environmental events affect self-identification as an environmental migrant : Evidence from Vietnamese and Kenyan survey data

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    In response to changing climatic conditions, people are increasingly likely to migrate. However, individual-level survey data reveal that people mainly state economic, social, or political reasons as the main drivers for their relocation decision–not environmental motives or climate change specifically. To shed light on this discrepancy, we distinguish between sudden-onset (e.g., floods and storms) and slow-onset (e.g., droughts and salinity) climatic changes and argue that the salience of environmental conditions in individuals’ migration decisions is shaped by the type of climate event experienced. Empirically, we combine individual-level surveys with geographic information on objective climatic changes in Vietnam and Kenya. The empirical evidence suggests that sudden-onset climate events make individuals more likely to link environmental conditions to their migration decision and, hence, to identify themselves as “environmental migrants.” Regression analyses support these results and are consistent with the view that slow-onset events tend to be linked with migration decisions that are more economically motivated.

  • (2024): Divided Attitudes Toward Rectifying Injustice : How Preferences for Indigenous Policies Differ Between the Indigenous and Majority Populations of Norway and Sweden The Journal of Race, Ethnicity, and Politics. Cambridge University Press. 2024, 9(1), pp. 1-25. eISSN 2056-6085. Available under: doi: 10.1017/rep.2023.38

    Divided Attitudes Toward Rectifying Injustice : How Preferences for Indigenous Policies Differ Between the Indigenous and Majority Populations of Norway and Sweden

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    Most states acknowledge the significance of Indigenous rights to rectify past injustices. Yet, on the domestic level, the realization of these rights depends on national policies. For democratic societies, questions about public opinion toward Indigenous policies are thus of great interest but remain largely unstudied. To what extent does the ethnic majority support policies conducive to Indigenous rights realization? And how different are the Indigenous population’s policy preferences? I use original experimental data from a vignette study to investigate these questions in the case of the Sámi people in Norway and Sweden. I hypothesize that groups’ attitudes are shaped by policies’ potential to alter the social status hierarchy between the majority and Indigenous populations. The results provide a nuanced picture. The ethnic majority shows significantly less support for policies facilitating Sámi linguistic, self-governance, and territorial rights. While the Sámi have, in general, more positive attitudes toward such policies, their support seems to be less pronounced than the majority’s resistance. Moreover, as attitudes are surprisingly similar when compared between Norway and Sweden, a country’s existing policy context does not appear to be crucial in the formation of these preferences.

  • (2024): Public sector employment relations : Germany in comparative perspective European Journal of Industrial Relations. Sage. 2024, 30(1), pp. 77-96. ISSN 0959-6801. eISSN 1461-7129. Available under: doi: 10.1177/09596801231185753

    Public sector employment relations : Germany in comparative perspective

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    The paper asks for the contribution of growth models for the explanation of public sector employment relations in Germany. The paper is subdivided into three parts. The first elaborates on long-term developments as well as forms of employment. The second part analyzes wage setting systems, that is, bilateral collective bargaining for employees and unilateral decision-making for civil servants. The third part compares the empirical outcomes of both sub-systems with the assumptions of growth models and distinguished explicitly various concepts of the state as corporate actor.

  • (2024): Raising the Spectrum of Polarization : Generating Issue Alignment with a Weighted Balance Opinion Dynamics Model Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation. SimSoc Consortium. 2024, 27(1), 15. eISSN 1460-7425. Available under: doi: 10.18564/jasss.5323

    Raising the Spectrum of Polarization : Generating Issue Alignment with a Weighted Balance Opinion Dynamics Model

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    Political polarization is often understood in terms of extreme issue positions. But polarization can only emerge if issue positions are aligned into a single ideological spectrum, ranging from left/ liberal to right/conservative. It is unclear how a high-dimensional space of policy issues can organize itself into a single ideological spectrum and give rise to polarization. We explain this phenomenon using Weighted Balance Theory (WBT), which describes the interaction of issue positions and interpersonal affect. By implementing WBT into an agent-based opinion dynamics model, we generate a single ideological spectrum from an arbitrarily high dimensional issue space. Furthermore, we show that WBT outperforms other models in predicting respondents’ attitudes in 44 years worth of empirical data from the ANES survey. A calibrated version of our model can reproduce properties of empirically observed opinion distributions.

  • (2024): COVID-19 Pandemic and Food Insecurity Fuel the Mental Health Crisis in Africa International Journal of Public Health (IJPH). Frontiers. 2024, 68, 1606369. eISSN 1661-8564. Available under: doi: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1606369

    COVID-19 Pandemic and Food Insecurity Fuel the Mental Health Crisis in Africa

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    Objective: Providing country-level estimates for prevalence rates of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), COVID-19 exposure and food insecurity (FI) and assessing the role of persistent threats to survival—exemplified by exposure to COVID-19 and FI—for the mental health crisis in Africa.

    Methods: Original phone-based survey data from Mozambique, Sierra Leone, Tanzania and Uganda (12 consecutive cross-sections in 2021; n = 23,943) were analyzed to estimate prevalence rates of GAD. Logistic regression models and mediation analysis using structural equation models identify risk and protective factors.

    Results: The overall prevalence of GAD in 2021 was 23.3%; 40.2% in Mozambique, 17.0% in Sierra Leone, 18.0% in Tanzania, and 19.1% in Uganda. Both COVID-19 exposure (ORadj. 1.4; CI 1.3–1.6) and FI (ORadj 3.2; CI 2.7–3.8) are independent and significant predictors of GAD. Thus, the impact of FI on GAD was considerably stronger than that of COVID-19 exposure.

    Conclusion: Persistent threats to survival play a substantial role for mental health, specifically GAD. High anxiety prevalence in the population requires programs to reduce violence and enhance social support. Even during a pandemic, addressing FI as a key driver of GAD should be prioritized by policymakers.

  • (2024): Linguistic features of public service encounters : How spoken administrative language affects citizen satisfaction Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory. Oxford University Press (OUP). 2024, 34(1), pp. 122-135. ISSN 1053-1858. eISSN 1477-9803. Available under: doi: 10.1093/jopart/muac052

    Linguistic features of public service encounters : How spoken administrative language affects citizen satisfaction

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    Spoken administrative language is a critical element in the relationship between citizens and the state, especially when it comes to face-to-face interactions between officials and citizens during the delivery of public services. But preceding work offers little insights on the verbal features of street-level bureaucracy. Drawing on communication studies, we argue that administrative language differs along both a relational and an informational linguistic component. To test the consequentiality of this theory, we design a factorial survey experiment with a representative sample of 1,402 German citizens. Participants evaluated audio recordings of a hypothetical service encounter where we systematically varied the language used by the official and the service decision, measuring participants’ service satisfaction as the main outcome. Based on regression analysis, we find that relational elements of administrative language improve citizen satisfaction, independent of the service outcome, but that the effect does not hold for the informational component. These findings emphasize the importance of relational communication in citizen-state interactions, which tends to be neglected in public administration theory and practice.

  • Food Insecurity : Causes, Consequences and Ways Forward

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    dc.title:


    dc.contributor.author: Beck, Jule

  • (2024): Does institutional misfit trigger customisation instead of non-compliance? West European Politics. Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. 2024, 47(3), pp. 515-542. ISSN 0140-2382. eISSN 1743-9655. Available under: doi: 10.1080/01402382.2023.2166734

    Does institutional misfit trigger customisation instead of non-compliance?

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    This article analyses the role of institutional misfit in why member states customise European Union (EU) renewable energy (RE) policies when implementing them. Institutional misfit theory posits that member states only adjust to EU policies when the adaptation pressure remains moderate and national actors’ policy preferences align. Conversely, this article tests the argument that member states manage institutional misfit by adjusting – customising – EU policies, that is, through vertical EU policy change rather than domestic change. Using Qualitative Comparative Analysis, the article compares the customisation of EU Directive 2009/28/EC in Austria, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Surprisingly, results suggest that institutional misfit is not a necessary condition for customised implementation. Instead, when high institutional fit meets high salience, member states may issue substantively more ambitious policies than the EU requires. Conversely, when high institutional fit meets low salience, member states have no impetus to customise EU rules.

  • Snow, Nancy E. (Hrsg.) (2024): Civility, Contentious Monuments, and Public Space SNOW, Nancy E., ed.. The Self, Civic Virtue, and Public Life : Interdisciplinary Perspectives. New York, NY: Routledge, 2024, pp. 79-98. ISBN 978-1-032-43548-0. Available under: doi: 10.4324/9781003367857

    Civility, Contentious Monuments, and Public Space

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    dc.title:


    dc.contributor.author: Bardon, Aurélia; Bonotti, Matteo; Zech, Steven T.

  • Means, Motives and Opportunities : How Executives and Interest Groups Set Public Policy

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    dc.contributor.author: Breunig, Christian; Koski, Chris

  • (2024): Improving Parent-Child Interaction and Reducing Parental Violent Discipline : a Multi-Informant Multi-Method Pilot Feasibility Study of a School-Based Intervention Journal of Family Violence. Springer. ISSN 0885-7482. eISSN 1573-2851. Available under: doi: 10.1007/s10896-023-00679-4

    Improving Parent-Child Interaction and Reducing Parental Violent Discipline : a Multi-Informant Multi-Method Pilot Feasibility Study of a School-Based Intervention

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    Purpose
    Globally, many children are exposed to violent discipline in multiple settings. Interventions to prevent violent discipline are therefore highly needed. In the present study, the feasibility of the intervention Interaction Competencies with Children – for Parents (ICC-P), an additional module of a school-based intervention for teachers, was tested. The intervention aims to prevent violent discipline by changing attitudes towards such method and fostering supportive adult-child interaction through non-violent interaction skills.

    Methods
    In total, 164 parents (Mage= 39.55, range = 24 70, 72.3% female) from four public secondary schools in Tanzania participated in a four-day training conducted by six trainers (Mage= 44.67, range = 40–47, 50% female). Using a One-Group Pre-Post design, we measured the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of the intervention qualitatively and quantitatively. Parents were assessed via self-administered questionnaires before and six weeks after the intervention. Trainers rated the implementation of every workshop session.

    Results
    Based on descriptive statistics and Classical Content Analysis, implementing trainers and participants rated ICC-P as feasible. Participants indicated a high need for such interventions and showed high acceptance. They were able to integrate core aspects of the intervention in their daily interactions with children. Using t-tests, ICC-P proved to be preliminarily effective; parents reported applying less violent discipline and holding more critical attitudes about such measures after the intervention.

    Conclusion
    ICC-P is feasible intervention that showed initial signs of effectiveness. We recommend combining the parents’ training module with the teachers’ module to prevent violence in multiple settings.

  • (2024): Who cares for the future? : Exploring public attitudes towards the needs of future generations in Germany Journal of European Public Policy. Taylor & Francis. 2024, 31(3), pp. 680-705. ISSN 1350-1763. eISSN 1466-4429. Available under: doi: 10.1080/13501763.2023.2165697

    Who cares for the future? : Exploring public attitudes towards the needs of future generations in Germany

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    This paper studies the determinants of support for future generations, using novel survey data for the case of Germany. I find significant, but not overwhelming support for prioritizing the needs of future generations vs. the acute needs of present-day citizens. Moreover, individual-level and contextual factors matter too. High-income and highly educated citizens are on average more supportive of the needs of future generations, the elderly and women less so. Left-wing supporters are equally more supportive of future generations, especially supporters of the Greens and those subscribing to ‘green-alternative-liberal’ values. Supporters of the right-wing populist AfD are most strongly opposed. General political trust boosts support for future generations, and economically thriving local economies are associated with higher levels of support for future generations as well.

  • (2024): Between cooperation and conflict : tracing the variance in relations of traditional governance institutions and the state in Sub-Saharan Africa Third World Quarterly. Taylor & Francis. 2024, 45(1), pp. 113-132. ISSN 0143-6597. eISSN 1360-2241. Available under: doi: 10.1080/01436597.2023.2213636

    Between cooperation and conflict : tracing the variance in relations of traditional governance institutions and the state in Sub-Saharan Africa

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    The relationship between the state and traditional governance institutions (TGI) in contemporary politics has recently received increased scholarly attention. Traditional leaders play important roles in elections, public goods provision or conflict resolution in Sub-Saharan Africa. We analyse under what conditions cooperation or conflict emerge between the state and TGI. We contribute to the understanding of state-traditional relations by studying how governments interact simultaneously with varying TGI of different ethnic groups. We compare state-TGI relations for eight traditional polities in Kenya, Namibia, Tanzania, and Uganda, based on extensive fieldwork and interviews with state and traditional authorities, experts and constituents. We study three factors shaping state relations with different TGI: (1) the significance of TGI – both social and organisational – in each country and ethnic group; (2) the institutional similarity of TGI and state; and (3) the integration of TGI – both legal and political. Our analysis shows TGI with social significance and functional organisations challenge the state more frequently. Constitutional ambiguity fosters conflict between TGI and state. For our cases, relations are less conflictive in countries with more democratic governments. The same governments and TGI often simultaneously engage in cooperative and conflictive relations, highlighting that governments rarely pursue uniform policies with all TGI.

  • (2024): How technological change affects regional voting patterns Political Science Research and Methods. Cambridge University Press (CUP). 2024, 12(1), pp. 94-112. ISSN 2049-8470. eISSN 2049-8489. Available under: doi: 10.1017/psrm.2022.62

    How technological change affects regional voting patterns

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    Does technological change fuel political disruption? Drawing on fine-grained labor market data from Germany, this paper examines how technological change affects regional electorates. We first show that the well-known decline in manufacturing and routine jobs in regions with higher robot adoption or investment in information and communication technology (ICT) was more than compensated by parallel employment growth in the service sector and cognitive non-routine occupations. This change in the regional composition of the workforce has important political implications: Workers trained for these new sectors typically hold progressive political values and support progressive pro-system parties. Overall, this composition effect dominates the politically perilous direct effect of automation-induced substitution. As a result, technology-adopting regions are unlikely to turn into populist-authoritarian strongholds.

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