Aktuelle Publikationen

Auf dieser Seite finden Sie die chronologisch geordneten Veröffentlichungen unserer Wissenschaftler*innen aus den vergangenen Jahren.

Aktuelle Publikationen (Politik- und Verwaltungswissenschaft)

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  • Zacher, Hannes; Rudolph, Cort W. (Hrsg.) (2022): Age at the Team and Organizational Levels ZACHER, Hannes, ed., Cort W. RUDOLPH, ed.. Age and Work : Advances in Theory, Methods, and Practice. New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2022, pp. 152-168. ISBN 978-0-367-54554-3. Available under: doi: 10.4324/9781003089674-12

    Age at the Team and Organizational Levels

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    Demographic change has resulted in aging workforces and higher levels of age diversity at work. Although research on aging at work is often focused on phenomena studied at the individual level of analysis, this review aims to provide an overview of the growing body of empirical research dealing with collective workforce age structure, predominantly focusing on age diversity at the team and organizational levels. The review highlights inconclusive results on both analysis levels, as no unilateral effects of age diversity on most outcome variables are apparent. Furthermore, we offer suggestions regarding theoretical and methodological advancements for research on age diversity at the team and organizational levels, such as focusing on more complex and dynamic measures and theories, the workforce structures and the digital divide, or rewards systems in organizations. We also provide concrete ideas on how practitioners can manage age diversity in teams and organizations.

  • (2022): The role of wages in the Eurozone Review of International Political Economy. Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. 2022, 29(4), pp. 1263-1286. ISSN 0969-2290. eISSN 1466-4526. Available under: doi: 10.1080/09692290.2021.1888143

    The role of wages in the Eurozone

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    There are two main political economy explanations of the Eurocrisis. The labor market view regards cross-country differences in wage bargaining institutions as the root cause of the crisis. The finance view, instead, emphasizes cross-border financial flows and downplays labor market institutions. For the first time, we attempt to assess these two explanations jointly. We find that financial flows are better predictors of nominal wage growth than labor market institutions. At the same time, we show that wage moderation matters for bilateral export performance in the important case of Germany, but not for other countries. These results suggest that imposing wage moderation and labor market reforms onto the countries of the European periphery was unlikely to improve their plight. In contrast, stimulating wage growth in Germany might have contributed to rebalancing the Eurozone.

  • (2022): The Matter of Chance : Auditing Web Search Results Related to the 2020 U.S. Presidential Primary Elections Across Six Search Engines Social Science Computer Review. Sage. 2022, 40(5), pp. 1323-1339. ISSN 0894-4393. eISSN 1552-8286. Available under: doi: 10.1177/08944393211006863

    The Matter of Chance : Auditing Web Search Results Related to the 2020 U.S. Presidential Primary Elections Across Six Search Engines

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    We examine how six search engines filter and rank information in relation to the queries on the U.S. 2020 presidential primary elections under the default—that is nonpersonalized—conditions. For that, we utilize an algorithmic auditing methodology that uses virtual agents to conduct large-scale analysis of algorithmic information curation in a controlled environment. Specifically, we look at the text search results for “us elections,” “donald trump,” “joe biden,” “bernie sanders” queries on Google, Baidu, Bing, DuckDuckGo, Yahoo, and Yandex, during the 2020 primaries. Our findings indicate substantial differences in the search results between search engines and multiple discrepancies within the results generated for different agents using the same search engine. It highlights that whether users see certain information is decided by chance due to the inherent randomization of search results. We also find that some search engines prioritize different categories of information sources with respect to specific candidates. These observations demonstrate that algorithmic curation of political information can create information inequalities between the search engine users even under nonpersonalized conditions. Such inequalities are particularly troubling considering that search results are highly trusted by the public and can shift the opinions of undecided voters as demonstrated by previous research.

  • (2022): Preventing Violence by Teachers in Primary Schools : Study Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial in Haiti Frontiers in Public Health. Frontiers Research Foundation. 2022, 9, 797267. eISSN 2296-2565. Available under: doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.797267

    Preventing Violence by Teachers in Primary Schools : Study Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial in Haiti

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    Context: Although teacher violence at schools is a serious problem in Haiti, there is a lack of systematic evidence on the effectiveness of school-based interventions in reducing teacher violence in this low-income country.

    Objective: To test the effectiveness of the preventative intervention Interaction Competencies with Children for Teachers (ICC-T) aiming to reduce teachers' use of violent disciplinary strategies and to improve their interaction competences with children in the Haitian context.

    Design, Setting, Participants: The study is designed as a two-arm matched cluster randomized controlled trial. The sample consists of 468 teachers and 1,008 children from 36 (community and public) primary schools around Cap-Haïtien (Département du Nord) in Haiti. Data will be collected in three phases, before the intervention, and 6 and 18 months after.

    Intervention: In the group of intervention schools, ICC-T will be delivered as a 5-day training workshop. Workshop sessions are divided into five modules: 1) improving teacher-student interactions, 2) maltreatment prevention, 3) effective discipline strategies, 4) identifying and supporting burdened students, and 5) implementation in everyday school life.

    Main Outcome Measure: The main outcome measure is teacher violence assessed in two ways: (i) teachers' self-reported use of violence, and (ii) children's self-reported experiences of violence by teachers.

    Conclusions: Prior evaluations of ICC-T had been conducted in sub-Saharan Africa with promising results. This study will test for the first time the effectiveness of this intervention outside the context of sub-Saharan Africa.

  • (2022): Cumulative advantages and disadvantages in attainment of higher education : Set-analytic comparison of asymmetric inequalities in six European countries International Journal of Comparative Sociology. Sage Publications. 2022, 63(1-2), pp. 51-88. ISSN 0020-7152. eISSN 1745-2554. Available under: doi: 10.1177/00207152221092152

    Cumulative advantages and disadvantages in attainment of higher education : Set-analytic comparison of asymmetric inequalities in six European countries

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    This article explores how parental resources work together to secure higher education for their offspring. It does so by, first, mapping the linkages between cumulative advantages and disadvantages of respondents’ parental resources and educational attainment across countries and cohorts. Second, investigating under which institutional setup of education systems these linkages between parental background and educational attainment are the weakest. At both levels, the set-analytic approach is applied. We show that disadvantages tend to cumulate to a much greater extent than advantages and their role in hindering higher educational attainment is much stronger than advantages to enable it. The only configuration of educational system that is sufficient to mitigate linkages between cumulative background and educational attainment in both directions, that is, advantageous background to enable and disadvantageous background to hinder higher educational attainment, combines high levels of standardization and decommodification.

  • (2022): Who talks about what? : Issue strategies across the party hierarchy European Journal of Political Research. Wiley-Blackwell. 2022, 61(3), pp. 842-852. ISSN 0304-4130. eISSN 1475-6765. Available under: doi: 10.1111/1475-6765.12500

    Who talks about what? : Issue strategies across the party hierarchy

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    We combine the recent literature on issue competition with work on intra-party heterogeneity to advance a novel theoretical argument. Starting from the premise that party leaders and non-leaders have different motivations and incentives, we conjecture that issue strategies should vary across the party hierarchy. We, therefore, expect systematic intra-party differences in the use of riding the wave and issue ownership strategies. We test this claim by linking public opinion data to manually coded information on over 3600 press releases issued by over 500 party actors across five election campaigns in Austria between 2006 and 2019. We account for self-selection into leadership roles by exploiting transitions into and out of leadership status over time. The results show that party leaders are more likely than non-leaders to respond to the public's issue priorities, but not more or less likely to pursue issue-ownership strategies.

  • (2022): Disappointed Expectations : Downward Mobility and Electoral Change American Political Science Review. Cambridge University Press. 2022, 116(4), pp. 1340-1356. ISSN 0003-0554. eISSN 1537-5943. Available under: doi: 10.1017/S0003055422000077

    Disappointed Expectations : Downward Mobility and Electoral Change

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    Postindustrial occupational change has ended an era of unprecedented upward mobility. We examine the political implications of this immense structural shift by introducing the concept of status discordance, which we operationalize as the difference between status expectations formed during childhood and outcomes realized in adulthood. We leverage German household panel data and predictive modeling to provide empirical estimates of status expectations based on childhood circumstances and parental background. The analysis reveals that political dissatisfaction is widespread among voters who fall short of intergenerational status expectations. We show that such dissatisfaction is associated with higher abstention rates, less mainstream party support, and more radical voting. Moreover, we explore variation in status discordance by gender, education, and occupation, which influence the choice between radical left and right parties. Our findings highlight how expectations about opportunities underlie generational voting patterns and shed light on the ongoing breakdown of the postwar political consensus.

  • (2022): Innovationsfellowships als Sprungbrett für Veränderungen Innovative Verwaltung. Gabler. 2022, 44(10), pp. 9. ISSN 1618-9876. eISSN 2192-9068

    Innovationsfellowships als Sprungbrett für Veränderungen

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    dc.title:


    dc.contributor.author: Mergel, Ines

  • Ideational Legacies and the Politics of Migration in European Minority Regions

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    In this book, Christina Zuber outlines a theory of ideational policy stabilization to explain stable policy choices despite changing incentives. Historical legacies are frequently invoked in popular and academic accounts of the politics of migration, but the mechanisms of transmission are left underspecified. This work contributes to research on migration and to theories of public policy by arguing that the missing link between past events and present choices is ideational: initially a historical constellation of interests leads actors to defend policy ideas that match the historical environment, but over time, ideas can detach themselves from interests and stabilize into societal dispositions (shared values and identities). This occurs if elites build a discursive consensus around a policy idea, and if bureaucrats develop concomitant policy practices. The book's empirical section analyses ideational stabilization in Catalonia (Spain), which takes an inclusive approach to immigration, and in South Tyrol (Italy), where immigration is framed as a threat. The comparison shows that these differences can be explained by the political economy of historical industrialization and internal migration. Catalans were in the driving seat of industrialization, receiving unskilled migrant workers from the rest of Spain to boost their own economy. South Tyroleans, on the other hand, were in the passenger seat, perceiving incoming Italians as colonizers. Over time, socioeconomic conditions changed, and internal migration was replaced with international migration. Yet with historical ideas having stabilized into dispositions, political and administrative elites continued to understand immigration through the now-obsolete perspective of economic opportunity in Catalonia and ethnic competition in South Tyrol.

  • (2022): Technological Risk and Policy Preferences Comparative Political Studies. Sage. 2022, 55(1), pp. 60-92. ISSN 0010-4140. eISSN 1552-3829. Available under: doi: 10.1177/00104140211024290

    Technological Risk and Policy Preferences

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    Despite recent attention to the economic and political consequences of automation and technological change for workers, we lack data about concerns and policy preferences about this structural change. We present hypotheses about the relationships among automation risk, subjective concerns about technology, and policy preferences. We distinguish between preferences for compensatory policies versus “protectionist” policies to prevent such technological change. Using original survey data from Spain that captures multiple measures of automation risk, we find that most workers believe that the impact of new technologies in the workplace is positive, but there is a concerned minority. Technological concern varies with objective vulnerability, as workers at higher risk of technological displacement are more likely to negatively view technology. Both correlational and experimental analyses indicate little evidence that workers at risk or technologically concerned are more likely to demand compensation. Instead, workers concerned about technological displacement prefer policies to slow down technological change.

  • (2022): Protest and digital adaptation Research & Politics. Sage Publications. 2022, 9(2). ISSN 2053-1680. eISSN 2053-1680. Available under: doi: 10.1177/20531680221100440

    Protest and digital adaptation

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    Autocratic governments routinely interfere in digital communication technology for political purposes. However, citizens can use different technologies to bypass government interference. This article examines how political protest influences the use of anonymity-preserving digital services in autocracies. Citizens should be more likely to use these tools during high political tension because they fear governmental surveillance or censorship. The analysis combining data on the Tor anonymization network with protest event data demonstrates noticeable increases in Tor usage after days with many protest events but not days with single protest events.

  • (2022): Delegation and stewardship in international organizations Journal of European Public Policy. Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. 2022, 29(4), pp. 568-588. ISSN 1350-1763. eISSN 1466-4429. Available under: doi: 10.1080/13501763.2021.1883721

    Delegation and stewardship in international organizations

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    International organizations (IOs) are driven by political-administrative interactions between member states and IO administrations. To model these interactions and understand their outcomes, scholars have predominantly, and almost exclusively, relied on agency theory. Yet, as this paper argues, delegation can also take a form of stewardship, where goal conflict and information asymmetries are low. In stewardship relationships, member states trust the IO administration, which enables softer, more informal exercise of control. Both agency and stewardship relationships are illustrated in a comparative case study of FAO and WFP. As interview data and document analysis show, while FAO exhibits agency, WFP provides an example for stewardship. The findings imply that conventional Principal-Agent assumptions should not be taken as given. Not all IO administrations are self-serving agents. The findings also provide implications on IO control and performance and call for scholarship to redirect its focus on de facto rather than de jure IO characteristics.

  • Busemeyer, Marius R.; Kemmerling, Achim; Marx, Paul; van Kersbergen, Kees (Hrsg.) (2022): Digitalization, automation, and the welfare state : What do we (not yet) know? BUSEMEYER, Marius R., ed., Achim KEMMERLING, ed., Paul MARX, ed., Kees VAN KERSBERGEN, ed.. Digitalization and the Welfare State. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2022, pp. 21-39. ISBN 978-0-19-284836-9. Available under: doi: 10.1093/oso/9780192848369.003.0002

    Digitalization, automation, and the welfare state : What do we (not yet) know?

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    dc.title:


    dc.contributor.author: Busemeyer, Marius R.

  • (2022): Detecting Potentially Harmful and Protective Suicide-Related Content on Twitter : Machine Learning Approach Journal of Medical Internet Research. International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. 2022, 24(8), e34705. ISSN 1439-4456. eISSN 1438-8871. Available under: doi: 10.2196/34705

    Detecting Potentially Harmful and Protective Suicide-Related Content on Twitter : Machine Learning Approach

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    Background: Research has repeatedly shown that exposure to suicide-related news media content is associated with suicide rates, with some content characteristics likely having harmful and others potentially protective effects. Although good evidence exists for a few selected characteristics, systematic and large-scale investigations are lacking. Moreover, the growing importance of social media, particularly among young adults, calls for studies on the effects of the content posted on these platforms.
    Objective: This study applies natural language processing and machine learning methods to classify large quantities of social media data according to characteristics identified as potentially harmful or beneficial in media effects research on suicide and prevention. Methods: We manually labeled 3202 English tweets using a novel annotation scheme that classifies suicide-related tweets into 12 categories. Based on these categories, we trained a benchmark of machine learning models for a multiclass and a binary classification task. As models, we included a majority classifier, an approach based on word frequency (term frequency-inverse document frequency with a linear support vector machine) and 2 state-of-the-art deep learning models (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers [BERT] and XLNet). The first task classified posts into 6 main content categories, which are particularly relevant for suicide prevention based on previous evidence. These included personal stories of either suicidal ideation and attempts or coping and recovery, calls for action intending to spread either problem awareness or prevention-related information, reporting of suicide cases, and other tweets irrelevant to these 5 categories. The second classification task was binary and separated posts in the 11 categories referring to actual suicide from posts in the off-topic category, which use suicide-related terms in another meaning or context.
    Results: In both tasks, the performance of the 2 deep learning models was very similar and better than that of the majority or the word frequency classifier. BERT and XLNet reached accuracy scores above 73% on average across the 6 main categories in the test set and F1-scores between 0.69 and 0.85 for all but the suicidal ideation and attempts category (F1=0.55). In the binary classification task, they correctly labeled around 88% of the tweets as about suicide versus off-topic, with BERT achieving F1-scores of 0.93 and 0.74, respectively. These classification performances were similar to human performance in most cases and were comparable with state-of-the-art models on similar tasks.
    Conclusions: The achieved performance scores highlight machine learning as a useful tool for media effects research on suicide. The clear advantage of BERT and XLNet suggests that there is crucial information about meaning in the context of words beyond mere word frequencies in tweets about suicide. By making data labeling more efficient, this work has enabled large-scale investigations on harmful and protective associations of social media content with suicide rates and help-seeking behavior.

  • Sievers, Wiebke (Hrsg.) (2022): Klimawandel, Migration und Proteste : eine Analyse am Fallbeispiel Kenias SIEVERS, Wiebke, ed. and others. Jenseits der Migrantologie : aktuelle Herausforderungen und neue Perspektiven der Migrationsforschung. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2022, pp. 83-100. Jahrbuch Migrationsforschung. 6. ISBN 978-3-7001-9049-3

    Klimawandel, Migration und Proteste : eine Analyse am Fallbeispiel Kenias

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    Die Migrationsforschung hat sich lange hauptsächlich damit befasst, aus der Perspektive der Mehrheitsgesellschaften Migrant*innen aus unterschiedlichen Herkunftsgesellschaften zu beforschen. Diese Ansätze sind inzwischen als "Migrantologie" in Kritik geraten. Insbesondere wird beanstandet, dass sie Migrant*innen in ihrem Herkunftsland verorten und nicht in dem Land, in dem sie leben. Damit schreiben sie nationale Grenzen fort, die gerade aufgrund der gesellschaftlichen Realität von grenzüberschreitender Mobilität und Migration als überkommen gelten müssen. Gleichzeitig wurden in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten neue Ansätze entworfen, die Migration zum Ausgangspunkt nehmen, um globale Ungleichheit und nationale Grenzziehungen gegenüber Migrant*innen zu thematisieren. In dieser neuen Forschungstradition steht auch der vorliegende Band. Dessen Ziel ist dabei weniger, den vielen Neuansätzen, die in den vergangenen Jahren in der Migrationsforschung entstanden sind, weitere hinzuzufügen. Vielmehr illustrieren die meisten Beiträge, wie sich die vielfältigen theoretischen und methodologischen Konzepte in konkrete empirische Forschung übersetzen lassen. In den Vordergrund treten damit globale Herausforderungen wie der Klimawandel, die gesellschaftlichen Debatten über Migration, der Umgang mit gesellschaftlicher Diversität in Schule, Verwaltung und Arbeitswelt sowie die Verhandlungen von Zugehörigkeiten in Migrationsgesellschaften, die von Rassismus und Ausgrenzung geprägt sind.

  • GovTech practices in the EU : A glimpse into the European GovTech ecosystem, its governance, and best practices

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    To support governments in the EU embracing GovTech, this report provides an overview of the diversity of GovTech programmes and shares lessons learnt for setting up government-run GovTech programmes. While the focus of this report is on national GovTech programmes, its findings and conclusions can be applied to other levels of government as well. The term GovTech refers to the use of emerging technologies and digital products and services by government from start-ups and SMEs - instead of relying on large system integrators. There are many - oftentimes competing - definitions of the term GovTech. Despite this diversity, most definitions share the following three common elements: the public sector engages with start-ups and SMEs to procure innovative technology solutions, for the provision of tech-based products and services, in order to innovate and improve public services. This report presents an overview of how existing GovTech programmes are set up in different EU member states and introduces practical case studies. This is followed by a discussion of the rationale of governments’ investment in GovTech and the barriers countries have encountered when engaging with the GovTech ecosystem. The report then distils important lessons learned for setting up government-run GovTech programmes. This report is aimed at anyone wanting to understand how governments are already supporting GovTech, and especially public sector managers who are looking for a starting point for establishing or improving a GovTech programme. It is part of two twin reports on GovTech developed by the JRC with support from the ISA² programme.

  • (2022): “I updated the ” : The evolution of references in the English Wikipedia and the implications for altmetrics Quantitative Science Studies. MIT Press. 2022, 3(1), pp. 147-173. eISSN 2641-3337. Available under: doi: 10.1162/qss_a_00171

    “I updated the <ref>” : The evolution of references in the English Wikipedia and the implications for altmetrics

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    With this work, we present a publicly available data set of the history of all the references (more than 55 million) ever used in the English Wikipedia until June 2019. We have applied a new method for identifying and monitoring references in Wikipedia, so that for each reference we can provide data about associated actions: creation, modifications, deletions, and reinsertions. The high accuracy of this method and the resulting data set was confirmed via a comprehensive crowdworker labeling campaign. We use the data set to study the temporal evolution of Wikipedia references as well as users’ editing behavior. We find evidence of a mostly productive and continuous effort to improve the quality of references: There is a persistent increase of reference and document identifiers (DOI, PubMedID, PMC, ISBN, ISSN, ArXiv ID) and most of the reference curation work is done by registered humans (not bots or anonymous editors). We conclude that the evolution of Wikipedia references, including the dynamics of the community processes that tend to them, should be leveraged in the design of relevance indexes for altmetrics, and our data set can be pivotal for such an effort.

  • Swiss Minerals Observatory : Synthesis report and policy implications

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    dc.title:


    dc.contributor.author: Brugger, Fritz; Bernauer, Thomas; Burlando. Paolo; Cabernard, Livia; Günther, Isabel; Hellweg, Stefanie; Kolcava, Dennis; Rudolph, Lukas; Ruppen, Désirée; Sui, Chunming

  • (2022): To lead or not to lead: regional powers and regional leadership International Politics. Springer. ISSN 1384-5748. eISSN 1740-3898. Available under: doi: 10.1057/s41311-021-00355-8

    To lead or not to lead: regional powers and regional leadership

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    Recent trends demonstrate that states with sufficient capabilities to be granted regional power status by its peers (primarily other states within their region) can nonetheless renounce regional leadership. This article analyzes the puzzling behavior of these detached or reluctant regional powers. We argue that resorting to an approach grounded in neoclassical realism is helpful to explain why regional powers might not exercise leadership. In this article regional leadership is conceptualized as an auxiliary goal within the grand strategy of a regional power. This goal will be pursued in the absence of certain structural and domestic constraints. Great power competition determines the incentives for regional leadership at the structural level. Capacity to extract and mobilize resources for foreign policy affects the decision to pursue leadership at the domestic level. We apply the analytical framework to analyze Brazil’s detachment from South America after the Cardoso and Lula presidencies.

  • Integration and Differentiation in the European Union : Theory and Policies

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    dc.title:


    dc.contributor.author: Leuffen, Dirk; Rittberger, Berthold; Schimmelfennig, Frank

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