Aktuelle Publikationen

Auf dieser Seite finden Sie die chronologisch geordneten Veröffentlichungen unserer Wissenschaftler*innen aus den vergangenen Jahren.

Aktuelle Publikationen (Politik- und Verwaltungswissenschaft)

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  • Pons Sanz, Sara M.; Sylvester, Louise (Hrsg.) (2023): An overview of contact-induced morphosyntactic changes in early English Medieval English in a multilingual context / Pons Sanz, Sara M.; Sylvester, Louise (Hrsg.). - London : Palgrave, 2023

    An overview of contact-induced morphosyntactic changes in early English

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    dc.title:


    dc.contributor.author: Walkden, George; Klemola, Juhani; Rainsford, Thomas

  • (2023): Liquid-diffusion-limited growth of vanadium dioxide single crystals Physical Review Research ; 5 (2023), 1. - 013028. - American Physical Society. - eISSN 2643-1564

    Liquid-diffusion-limited growth of vanadium dioxide single crystals

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    Vanadium dioxide is a strongly correlated material with an ultrafast first-order phase transition between monoclinic/insulator and rutile/metallic close to room temperature. The unusual and complex properties of this transition make VO2 one of the most heavily investigated materials in modern condensed matter physics. Consequently, high-quality single crystals are in large demand. Here we report the growth of mm-sized VO2 crystals by thermal decomposition of liquid V2O5 at ∼1000∘C. Time-resolved zirconia sensor measurements of the oxygen release reveal that the crystal growth rate is limited by liquid-phase diffusion; the properties of the gaseous environment, which were previously assumed to be decisive, are almost insignificant. Consequently, large and stoichiometric single crystals of VO2 can be obtained at lower temperatures and gas purities than usually applied. These results signify the role of gas-liquid diffusion in crystal growth and will simplify future research on VO2 and related materials for applications in ultrafast electronics and thermal energy management.

  • MoPeDT : A Modular Head-Mounted Display Toolkit to Conduct Peripheral Vision Research

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    Peripheral vision plays a significant role in human perception and orientation. However, its relevance for human-computer interaction, especially head-mounted displays, has not been fully explored yet. In the past, a few specialized appliances were developed to display visual cues in the periphery, each designed for a single specific use case only. A multi-purpose headset to exclusively augment peripheral vision did not exist yet. We introduce MoPeDT: Modular Peripheral Display Toolkit, a freely available, flexible, reconfigurable, and extendable headset to conduct peripheral vision research. MoPeDT can be built with a 3D printer and off-the-shelf components. It features multiple spatially configurable near-eye display modules and full 3D tracking inside and outside the lab. With our system, researchers and designers may easily develop and prototype novel peripheral vision interaction and visualization techniques. We demonstrate the versatility of our headset with several possible applications for spatial awareness, balance, interaction, feedback, and notifications. We conducted a small study to evaluate the usability of the system. We found that participants were largely not irritated by the peripheral cues, but the headset's comfort could be further improved. We also evaluated our system based on established heuristics for human-computer interaction toolkits to show how MoPeDT adapts to changing requirements, lowers the entry barrier for peripheral vision research, and facilitates expressive power in the combination of modular building blocks.

  • Educational Expectation Gaps Between Second-Generation Immigrant and Ethnic Majority Students in a Comparative Perspective : The Moderating Role of Educational Tracking

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    This paper investigates the influence of educational tracking on immigrant educational expectation gaps in Sweden, England, the Netherlands, and Germany. To account for heterogeneity in immigrant children's origin countries, this paper additionally focuses on the educational selectivity of immigrant parents. The article argues that with a greater degree of tracking, students receive stronger track signals about their ability and their future opportunities, which should reduce the influence of immigrant parents’ aspirations and mitigate immigrant students’ lower responsiveness to school ability. As a result, immigrant students in countries with a high degree of tracking should have less inflated expectations that are more similar to ethnic majority students. Additionally, the moderating effect that tracking can have on the influence of parental aspirations on immigrant students’ educational expectations should mitigate the beneficial effect of immigrant parents’ selectivity in highly versus lowly tracked countries. Findings based on two waves of the CILS4EU data reveal that second-generation immigrant students have higher educational expectations than ethnic majority students in all countries except Germany. No significant differences are found relating to parents’ educational selectivity. The results support the assumption that stronger track signals in countries with a higher degree of tracking lead to higher responsiveness to school ability among second-generation immigrant students. No support is found for a reduced influence of parental aspirations on the immigrant expectation gap in countries with a higher tracking degree. This study contributes to research on immigrant expectation gaps by highlighting the specific mechanisms through which tracking influences operate.

  • Quantum Transport and Nonlinear Interactions in Hybrid, Electronic, Photonic and Mechanical Systems

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    Hybrid devices based on semiconducting quantum circuits with integrated microwave photonics are promising for implementing quantum transducers, in which single electrons control photonic quantum states. To combine electronic with photonic degrees of freedom on-chip, quantum dots coupled to microwave photon cavities provide a novel family of coherent quantum devices. A fundamental property of the microscopic world described by quantum mechanics is the theory of nonlocality which is at the heart of quantum communication and computing in various physical implementations. An intriguing ex- ample of quantum delocalization is interference in the motion of a single electron. Our theoretical work suggests a realistic setup to generate entanglement between two spatially separated microwave cavities using quantum delocalized electrons that flow through a parallel double quantum dot connected between two electrodes. To prove the generation of entangled photons, we use a diagrammatic perturbative expansion based on Keldysh Green’s functions, going beyond the theoretical studies that exist in the literature. Another source for photon pairs with non-classical behavior are parametric oscillators. The occurring two-photon coherent states are essential in quantum optics and of enormous interest for applications in quantum communication since their noise properties are close to those of a minimum-uncertainty state, i.e. a squeezed state. We develop the theoretical basis to explain the phenomenon of persistent response and other nonlinear phenomena obtained in an experiment where membrane resonators are driven in an ultra-strong regime. We show that they are caused by the nonlinear, internal interactions between higher-order flexural modes and higher-order overtones of the driven mode, where one mode is acting as a parametric drive onto another mode. Furthermore, we consider the interaction of two parametrically driven and nonlinear coupled Duffing resonators, obtaining nonlinear phenomena like a bifurcation.

  • (2023): Does aging amplify the rule-based efficiency effect in action selection? Frontiers in Psychology ; 14 (2023). - 1012586. - Frontiers. - eISSN 1664-1078

    Does aging amplify the rule-based efficiency effect in action selection?

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    When it comes to the selection of adequate movements, people may apply varying strategies. Explicit if-then rules, compared to implicit prospective action planning, can facilitate action selection in young healthy adults. But aging alters cognitive processes. It is unknown whether older adults may similarly, profit from a rule-based approach to action selection. To investigate the potential effects of aging, the Rule/Plan Motor Cognition (RPMC) paradigm was applied to three different age groups between 31 and 90 years of age. Participants selected grips either instructed by a rule or by prospective planning. As a function of age, we found a general increase in a strategy-specific advantage as quantified by the difference in reaction time between plan- and rule-based action selection. However, in older age groups, these differences went in both directions: some participants initiated rule-based action selection faster, while for others, plan-based action selection seemed more efficient. The decomposition of reaction times into speed of the decision process, action encoding, and response caution components suggests that rule-based action selection may reduce action encoding demands in all age groups. There appears a tendency for the younger and middle age groups to have a speed advantage in the rule task when it comes to information accumulation for action selection. Thus, one influential factor determining the robustness of the rule-based efficiency effect across the lifespan may be presented by the reduced speed of information uptake. Future studies need to further specify the role of these parameters for efficient action selection.

  • (2023): Parasitic plants indirectly regulate decomposition of soil organic matter Functional Ecology ; 37 (2023), 2. - S. 302-314. - Wiley-Blackwell. - ISSN 0269-8463. - eISSN 1365-2435

    Parasitic plants indirectly regulate decomposition of soil organic matter

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    1. Parasitic plants have been shown to affect soil-organic-matter (SOM) decomposition, but the mechanism is unknown. As arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can affect decomposition and compete with parasitic plants for carbon, we hypothesized that parasitic plants can indirectly regulate SOM decomposition by suppressing the effects of AMF on decomposition.

    2. To test this hypothesis, we conducted two container experiments in which the herbaceous plant Bidens pilosa was inoculated with the AMF Rhizophagus intraradices or not, and Cuscuta australis or not. In one experiment, we provided SOM within hyphae-in-growth bags as 13C-/15 N-labelled maize leaves and in the other experiment as phytate-P. We assessed growth and nutrient uptake of B. pilosa, growth of C. australis, the SOM remaining in the hyphae-in-growth bags, and the bacterial communities.

    3. Parasitization increased the 13C and decreased the organic P remaining in the bags, but only in the presence of the extraradical AMF hyphae. AMF decreased the 13C and increased the organic P remaining in the absence of the parasite, but not in the presence of the parasite.

    4. Our results demonstrate that parasitic plants can regulate the decomposition of organic materials indirectly by suppressing the effect of the extraradical AMF hyphae on decomposition. In other words, parasitic plants can regulate SOM decomposition indirectly via a multitrophic cascading effect. Our study helps to unravel the mechanisms of a sophisticated hidden ecological process, and is an important step forward in elucidating the roles of parasitic plants in soil nutrient cycling.

  • (2023): Financing the welfare state in times of extreme crisis : public support for health care spending during the Covid-19 pandemic in Germany Journal of European Public Policy ; 30 (2023), 1. - S. 21-40. - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. - ISSN 1350-1763. - eISSN 1466-4429

    Financing the welfare state in times of extreme crisis : public support for health care spending during the Covid-19 pandemic in Germany

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    Employing new and original survey data collected in three waves (April/May and November 2020 as well as May 2021) in Germany, this paper studies the dynamics of individual-level support for additional health care spending. A first major finding is that, so far, health care spending preferences have not radically changed during the Covid-19 pandemic, at least at the aggregate level. A more detailed analysis reveals, secondly, that individual-level support for additional spending on health care is strongly conditioned by performance perceptions and, to a lesser extent, general political trust. Citizens who regard the system as badly (well) prepared to cope with the crisis are more likely to support (oppose) additional spending. Higher levels of political trust are also positively associated with spending support, but to a lesser degree. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of these findings for policy-making and welfare state politics in the post-pandemic era.

  • (2023): Stability of National‐Identity Content : Level, Predictors, and Implications Political Psychology ; 2023. - Wiley. - ISSN 0162-895X. - eISSN 1467-9221

    Stability of National‐Identity Content : Level, Predictors, and Implications

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    A neglected topic in empirical research on national identity is its stability at the individual level, and this is especially true for its content, that is, the meaning elements that people associate with the concept of nation. In this article, we study the stability of key dimensions of national-identity content. We ask three simple questions: How stable is national-identity content—as captured in the ethnic/civic framework—at the level of individual citizens? Are there clear differences in stability across subgroups? What are the implications of interindividual differences in stability? Analyzing data from four waves of a large-scale panel survey of German citizens (N = 4,654) collected over a five-year period (2016–21), we show that there is high but not perfect stability of the degree to which individuals subscribe to ethnic and civic criteria of nationhood. Second, we find little difference in stability as a function of several theoretically selected characteristics. Third, we show that the association between national-identity content and relevant political attitudes (immigration attitudes and far-right party support) increases with intraindividual stability. These findings have important implications for our understanding of how national-identity content is shaped and mobilized and how it can influence political attitudes and behaviors.

  • (2023): Paulownia tomentosa – Chinesischer Blauglockenbaum (Paulowniaceae) – Stadtpflanze des Jahres 2022 Jahrbuch des Bochumer Botanischen Vereins ; 14 (2023). - S. 316-326. - Bochumer Botanischen Verein. - ISSN 2190-3972. - eISSN 2190-3999

    Paulownia tomentosa – Chinesischer Blauglockenbaum (Paulowniaceae) – Stadtpflanze des Jahres 2022

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    dc.contributor.author: Dörken, Veit; Steinecke, Hilke; Jagel, Armin

  • Diagnostik und Behandlung von mehrsprachigen Kindern mit Sprach- und Leserechtschreibstörungen

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    dc.contributor.author: Lorusso, Maria Luisa; Eikerling, Maren; Bloder, Theresa; Rinker, Tanja; Guasti, Maria Teresa; Marinis, Theodoros

  • Data-Driven Model-Order Reduction for Model Predictive Control

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    In this thesis, quadratic optimal control problems for linear parabolic partial differen- tial equations (PDEs) with time-dependent coefficient functions are considered. After showing the existence and uniqueness of the solution, necessary and sufficient first order optimality conditions are derived. By applying a finite element (FE) discretization, the first-order optimality system can be represented as a linear time-variant (LTV) coupled dynamical system, which encompasses both the state equation and the dual equation. This leads us into the area of dynamical systems. Model predictive control (MPC) is applied to solve the problem over the long-time horizon. To speedup the computational time three data-driven model-order reduction (MOR) techniques are applied: Proper or- thogonal decomposition (POD), empirical gramians and extended dynamic mode decom- position (EDMD). Furthermore, an a-posteriori error analysis is conducted to guarantee the accuracy of the reduced model during the MPC. Numerical simulations illustrate the advantages and disadvantages of the various MOR techniques.

  • (2023): Dynamics and risk sharing in groups of selfish individuals Journal of Theoretical Biology ; 562 (2023). - 111433. - Elsevier. - ISSN 0022-5193. - eISSN 1095-8541

    Dynamics and risk sharing in groups of selfish individuals

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    Understanding why animals organize in collective states is a central question of current research in, e.g., biology, physics, and psychology. More than 50 years ago, W.D. Hamilton postulated that the formation of animal herds may simply result from the individual‘s selfish motivation to minimize their predation risk. The latter is quantified by the domain of danger (DOD) which is given by the Voronoi area around each individual. In fact, simulations show that individuals aiming to reduce their DODs form compact groups similar to what is observed in many living systems. However, despite the apparent simplicity of this problem, it is not clear what motional strategy is required to find an optimal solution. Here, we use the framework of Multi Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) which gives the unbiased and optimal strategy of individuals to solve the selfish herd problem. We demonstrate that the motivation of individuals to reduce their predation risk naturally leads to pronounced collective behaviors including the formation of cohesive swirls. We reveal a previously unexplored rather complex intra-group motion which eventually leads to a evenly shared predation risk amongst selfish individuals.

  • (2023): Prolactin and the evolution of male pregnancy General and Comparative Endocrinology ; 334 (2023). - 114210. - Elsevier. - ISSN 0016-6480. - eISSN 1095-6840

    Prolactin and the evolution of male pregnancy

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    Prolactin (PRL) is a multifunctional hormone of broad physiological importance, and is involved in many aspects of fish reproduction, including the regulation of live birth (viviparity) and both male and female parental care. Previous research suggests that PRL also plays an important reproductive role in syngnathid fishes (seahorses, pipefish and seadragons), a group with a highly derived reproductive strategy, male pregnancy - how the PRL axis has come to be co-opted for male pregnancy remains unclear. We investigated the molecular evolution and expression of the genes for prolactin and its receptor (PRLR) in an evolutionarily diverse sampling of syngnathid fishes to explore how the co-option of PRL for male pregnancy has impacted its evolution, and to clarify whether the PRL axis is also involved in regulating reproductive function in species with more rudimentary forms of male pregnancy. In contrast to the majority of teleost fishes, all syngnathid fishes tested carry single copies of PRL and PRLR that cluster genetically within the PRL1 and PRLRa lineages of teleosts, respectively. PRL1 gene expression in seahorses and pipefish is restricted to the pituitary, while PRLRa is expressed in all tissues, including the brood pouch of species with both rudimentary and complex brooding structures. Pituitary PRL1 expression remains stable throughout pregnancy, but PRLRa expression is specifically upregulated in the male brood pouch during pregnancy, consistent with the higher affinity of pouch tissues for PRL hormone during embryonic incubation. Finally, immunohistochemistry of brood pouch tissues reveals that both PRL1 protein and PRLRa and Na+/K+ ATPase-positive cells line the inner pouch epithelium, suggesting that pituitary-derived PRL1 may be involved in brood pouch osmoregulation during pregnancy. Our data provide a unique molecular perspective on the evolution and expression of prolactin and its receptor during male pregnancy, and provide the foundation for further manipulative experiments exploring the role of PRL in this unique form of reproduction.

  • (2023): Vocative, where do you hang out in wh-interrogatives? The Linguistic Review ; 40 (2023), 1. - S. 77-106. - De Gruyter. - ISSN 0167-6318. - eISSN 1613-3676

    Vocative, where do you hang out in wh-interrogatives?

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    This paper provides new insights into the analysis of vocative structures that co-occur with a sentence by bridging two previously independent domains of linguistic research: wh-interrogatives and vocatives. More specifically, we investigate in which positions Spanish speakers accept vocatives in wh-interrogatives introduced by different wh-phrases. The results of an acceptability judgment task indicate that our participants highly accept initial and final vocatives in all wh-interrogatives. For middle vocatives, the results differ across wh-phrases. While the participants accept middle vocatives in wh-interrogatives introduced by por qué (‘why’) and d-linked wh-phrases, they reject them in bare wh-interrogatives. These findings require a modification of the syntactic analysis of vocatives. Initial vocatives are placed above ForceP, while middle and final vocatives are analyzed in two different positions, in an upper and a lower VocaddrP in the left periphery.

  • Kim, Uichol; Park, Y.-S. (Hrsg.) (2023): Socialization of self-regulation for achievement in cultural context : A developmental-psychological perspective on the Asian Miracle Asia’s educational miracle : Psychological, social, and cultural perspectives / Kim, Uichol; Park, Y.-S. (Hrsg.). - New York : Springer, 2023

    Socialization of self-regulation for achievement in cultural context : A developmental-psychological perspective on the Asian Miracle

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    dc.title:


    dc.contributor.author: Trommsdorff, Gisela

  • (2023): Model for contact formation of novel TeO2 containing Pb-free silver paste on n+ and p+ doped crystalline silicon EPJ Photovoltaics ; 14 (2023). - 8. - EDP Sciences. - eISSN 2105-0716

    Model for contact formation of novel TeO2 containing Pb-free silver paste on n+ and p+ doped crystalline silicon

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    Silver (Ag) pastes are widely used in the global market for most solar cell architectures. Thereby, lead (Pb) is no longer wanted in productions for environmental reasons. In this work, a model for the contact formation between Pb-free, tellurium oxide (TeO2) containing screen-printable Ag pastes and silicon is presented. It is shown that Te plays a key role in this model. Te is not only an important part in etching the surface passivation layers with TeO2 dissolving the dielectric layer but also for a formation of the contacts with Te forming a compound consisting of Ag2Te. Using EDX mapping, local contact regions can be examined and interpreted for contact formation. The used paste system enables far more flexible paste mixturing leading to a novel developed commercial paste which is on a par with other pastes used in industry concerning the resulting contact properties. This is also demonstrated in this work by the very low contact resistivity of less than 1 mΩcm2 over a wide range of firing peak temperatures. It is additionally shown that good resistivities can be achieved on both n+- and p+-doped regions.

  • Immunological and Structural Characterization of Titin Main Immunogenic Region; I110 Domain Is the Target of Titin Antibodies in Myasthenia Gravis

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    Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease caused by antibodies targeting the neuromuscular junction (NJ) of skeletal muscles. The major MG autoantigen is nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Other autoantigens at the NJ include MuSK, LRP4 and agrin. Autoantibodies to the intra-sarcomeric striated muscle-specific gigantic protein titin, although not directed to the NJ, are invaluable biomarkers for thymoma and MG disease severity. Thymus and thymoma are critical in MG mechanisms and management. Titin autoantibodies bind to a 30 KDa titin segment, the main immunogenic region (MIR), consisting of an Ig-FnIII-FnIII 3-domain tandem, termed I109-I111. In this work, we further resolved the localization of titin epitope(s) to facilitate the development of more specific anti-titin diagnostics. For this, we expressed protein samples corresponding to 8 MIR and non-MIR titin fragments and tested 77 anti-titin sera for antibody binding using ELISA, competition experiments and Western blots. All anti-MIR antibodies were bound exclusively to the central MIR domain, I110, and to its containing titin segments. Most antibodies were bound also to SDS-denatured I110 on Western blots, suggesting that their epitope(s) are non-conformational. No significant difference was observed between thymoma and non-thymoma patients or between early- and late-onset MG. In addition, atomic 3D-structures of the MIR and its subcomponents were elucidated using X-ray crystallography. These immunological and structural data will allow further studies into the atomic determinants underlying titin-based autoimmunity, improved diagnostics and how to eventually treat titin autoimmunity associated co-morbidities.

    Forschungszusammenhang (Projekte)

  • (2023): Can policies improve language vitality? : The Sámi languages in Sweden and Norway Frontiers in Psychology ; 14 (2023). - 1059696. - Frontiers. - eISSN 1664-1078

    Can policies improve language vitality? : The Sámi languages in Sweden and Norway

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    Introduction: Language policies are often aimed at changing language behaviours, yet it is notoriously difficult to assess their effects. This study investigates language use and competence in the Indigenous Sámi populations of Norway and Sweden in light of the national-level policies the two countries have adopted.



    Methods: We provide a cross-country comparison of relevant educational, linguistic and budgetary policies in Sweden and Norway. Next, we present novel data from a survey with 5,416 Sámi and non-Sámi participants in 20 northern municipalities, examining Sámi language use and proficiencies across generations and contexts. Lexical proficiency in North Sámi was tested in a small subset of participants.



    Results: Sámi language use has dropped considerably over the past three generations. Only a small proportion of Sámi are highly fluent and use a Sámi language with their children (around 4% in Sweden and 11% in Norway). One fifth of Sámi adults use a Sámi language at least ‘occasionally’, and use is most common in the home context. Sámi language knowledge remains negligible in the majority population.



    Discussion: The higher levels of language use and proficiency in Norway seem at least in part to reflect the more favourable policies adopted there. In both countries, more work is needed to increase speaker numbers, also in the majority population.

  • (2023): Monolingual comparative normativity in bilingualism research is out of “control” : arguments and alternatives Applied Psycholinguistics ; 2023. - Cambridge University Press. - ISSN 0142-7164. - eISSN 1469-1817

    Monolingual comparative normativity in bilingualism research is out of “control” : arguments and alternatives

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    dc.title:


    dc.contributor.author: Rothman, Jason; Bayram, Fatih; DeLuca, Vincent; Di Pisa, Grazia; Andoni Duñabeitia, Jon; Gharibi, Khadij; Hao, Jiuzhou; Kolb, Nadine; Kubota, Maki; Kupisch, Tanja

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